Page 45 - New Cloth Market November 2022 Digital Edition

Chitosan-Based Sustainable Textile Technology: Process, Mechanism, Innovation & Safety

of 60°C for 2 h. A vacuum filter is used that is very close to the value of a good derivative facilitates for the utilization
for the separation of two phases. insulator. On the other hand, deionized of antistatic functional textile. The
water exhibits a magnitude that is 108 chitosan derivative is synthesized
The residue is washed with water to times lower than that of polymers but through the N-alkylation of 4-formayl-
neutralize, and the filtrate is mixed with mineral water show 103 times higher N-methylpyridinium iodide and [3-(4-
ethanol to precipitate the chitosan for electrical conductivity compared to formylphenoxy) propyl]trimethyl-
24 h. All precipitates are dried and pure water. Therefore, chitosantreated ammonium iodide [63].
stored in airtight container. The main fabrics enable to absorb a very
application of the fragmented chitosan significant amount of water from the Chitosan: an antimicrobial agent for
is to develop durable press finishing atmosphere after exposure to the textile
process on fabric. In this process, the humid environment and result in the
fragmented chitosan is added to increase in electrical conductivity Innovative ideas are in practice to
distilled water and stirred until it following the lower propensity to develop a new form of chitosan for
dissolves completely. The finishing produce static charges. Chitosan improving the efficacy of conventional
agent contains 8–10% (w/w) having excellent moisture content chitosan applications in textile.
dimethyloldihydroxyl ethylene urea property is an excellent antistatic agent Chitosan-treated fabrics and fibers are
(DMDHEU), 0.8% MgCl2, required [61]. Antistatic fabric is developed by used for the production of antibacterial
amount of softener, and the fragmented fixing the chitosan on the fabric. In the fabrics for working environment such
chitosan solution. The fabric is then fixing process, butane-1,2,3,4- as a hospital, biotechnology research
immersed in the finishing solution tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is used in lab, cosmetics, fundamental
maintaining a pick-up ratio of 80%. The the presence of the catalyst, sodium industries, and so on. The charged
treated fabric is preheated at 80°C for hypophosphite (SHP). Chitosan (1% w/ amino group of chitosan interacts with
5 min and then cured at 150°C for 3 v) dissolution in acetic acid (1%) is the the cell wall of microbes that causes
min [60]. The fragmentation of chitosan first step of the process. Liquor is degradation of protein and intracellular
chain facilitates its diffusion into the produced by the addition of 6 g BTAC constituents. It also affects the
fabric to form a network with fibers that and 6 g SHP in the chitosan solution. permeability of essential nutrients by
results in increased recovery angle. altering the cell membrane and causes
The curing time and temperature have A sample of fabric is then immerged their death finally [64]. For example,
a significant effect on the result of final into the liquor and padded to maintain chitosan exhibits direct interaction with
wrinkle property of fabric. wet pick-up ratio 100%. The treated the cell wall of Aspergillus niger. As a
fabric is required to dry at 80°C for 5 result, a controlled fungal growth and
Chitosan: an antistatic finishing min, and the curing process is done at delays in the spore germination occur.
agent on textile 140–170°C for 5–20 min according to
the final finish of the fabric. At the end Despite having the potential as
Static surface charge is developed on of the process, the temperature of the antibacterial property, it requires, at a
polymers due to very less amount of fabric decreases at room temperature high concentration, for desired efficacy
moisture content. Moreover, the and it is washed with acetic acid for without having any release property in
electrical conductivity is also an removing extra chitosan. It is then bandage, sutures, etc. The innovation
important factor on developing static washed again with deionized water and in synthesis, production, and
charge along the synthetic filament dried by air. The qualitative and application leads to form nanosized
through a mechanism induced by an quantitative analyses are done by chitosan that could be beneficial for the
electric field. Therefore, antistatic potentiometer and compared with the presence of high amount of active sites
chemical compounds influence the untreated fabric. Another study has available due to the large amount of
propensity of accumulating static been carried out for the antistatic surface area. In general, a single
charges by aborting the production of fuctionalization of PET film and fabric antibacterial agent has some limitations
electrostatic charges or by enhancing by applying oligochitosan. to perform against both gram positive
the electrical conductivity or by both and gram negative including a broad
mechanisms. Chitosan can hold in high The processes are almost similar range of microbes. Therefore, the
moisture content regardless the extent except the drying and curing combination of chitosan and other
of humidity that opens the opportunity temperature and time. In the later antibacterial components such as
to apply chitosan as an antistatic process, drying temperature is silver has gained more and more
finishing agent on textile surface. In maintained at 70°C for 1 h and the attention to fight against large varieties
general, the polymers show the curing process is done at 110°C for 30 of the microbe by focusing on easier
resistance of specific electrical min [62]. A new N-substituted the synthesis and highly efficient in the
resistance in the order of quaternary ammonium chitosan application [65]. For example, chitosan

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