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Chitosan-Based Sustainable Textile Technology:

Process, Mechanism,

Innovation, and Safety

Jagadish Roy, Fabien Salaün, Stéphane Giraud, Ada Ferri and Jinping Guan
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65259

Abstract
This paper reviews relevant findings regarding the activities and contributions of chitosan in different
textile processing following the varieties of process, mechanism, and applications. Chitosan is a better
candidate in both aspects of biodegradability and effciency instead of synthetic polymers. The technical
and scientific discussions behind the role of chitosan in all the processes and treatments have been
explored in the paper. Over the last few years, enormous efiorts and challenges are being practiced in
research and industry to design and development of eco-friendly and sustainable technologies. Therefore,
the chapter emphasizes on chitosan-based formulations of fibers, fabrics, coatings, and functional textiles.
Keywords: chitin, chitosan, textile, fiber, fabric, antibacterial, nanofibers, electrospun

Introduction
Table 1: Chitosan fibers and their applications.
The first discovery of chitin was traced Application System
by Braconnot, a French professor, in
Antibacterial cotton fibers Fiber-reactive chitosan derivative
1811 in research on the mushroom.
Later on, Rouget discovered the Cell culture Chitosan-based nanofiber
solubility test through chemical and
Biodegradable & biocompatible Chitin and chitosan nanofibers
thermal treatment of chitin fiber in 1859
nonwoven wound dressing [spinning solvent: 1,1,1,3,3,3-
[1]. Ledderhose identified the chitin
hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)]
molecular structure, which consists of
glucosamine and acetic acid, in 1878 Bioactive & biodegradable Dibutyrylchitin fibers
and Hoppe-Seyler announced the name Wound dressing
‘chitosan’of the modified chitin in 1894.
possesses the superior mechanical applications (Table 1) and in the form
Chitin is a very common bio product property and very diverse biological of nanofibers, membranes, micro-/
produced naturally in the exoskeleton activity. The chitosan-derived products nanoparticles, scaffolds, beads,
of crustaceans and insects (spiders, have a slow-growing market for poor hydrogels, and sponges.
shrimps, crabs, and lobster), the reproducibility in product development. Due to the growing concern about
radulae of mollusks and the cell wall health, environment, and economics,
of mushrooms, algae, and fungi. The The first and second-generation enzymatic synthesize of chitosan is
amount of chitin produced naturally chitosans have been used as a continuously studied as an alternative
10
each year is 10 ton of which 70% biomaterial and biological to the hazardous process and
comes from oceans. Therefore, the by- functionalities for wastewater treatment nonspeciffcity for chitosan
product of the fishing industry is and agricultural applications, but the fuctionalization. Besides, the
enough to support the huge scenario alters now. The third phase of sustainability and safety in textile
commercial demand of chitin and chitosan exhibits strong relationship in technology are being practiced and
chitosan with a long-term potential molecular structure-function. Up to equipped by innovating new process,
supply. The main advantages of using date, studies and investigations are machinery, and designs from raw
chitosan are biodegradable [2, 3], approaching to understand the cellular materials to the end of life cycle.
biocompatible [4, 5], and nontoxic mode of action to reveal every
because it degrades as sugar after biological and biomedical activity of Chemistry of chitin and chitosan
being metabolized. chitosan which will open the door for
new material applications. Chitin and According to the chemical structure of
Chitosan is a biomaterial which chitosan have very diversified use in chitin (Figure 1) and chitosan (Figure

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