Imparting Mosquito Repellent Agents & Assessing Mosquito Repellency on Textile 2014), Phasomkusolsil et al. used cage 30 × 30 × 30 cm dimension (Pha- somkusolsil and Soonwera 2011), Anitha et al. used 34 × 32 × 32 cm cage dimension (Anitha et al. 2011) and Chang et al. used the 35 × 35 × 35 cm cage dimension (Chang et al. 2006). Two other studies reported the used of bigger cage di- mension, measuring 40 × 30 × 30 cm by Fei and Xin (2007) and 45 × 45 × 45 cm by (Vigneshkumar and Vijaykumar Vediappan 2012). The cage concealed with transparent mosquito nets for easy observation and also to keep mosquito remain inside the cage. It has holes which also cov- ered with nets for arm accessing pur- pose. According to WHO (WHO 1996) conventional standards, the cage needs to be filled with 200 mosquitoes that have been starved overnight and only were supplied with sucrose solu- tion. Updated standards the use of less- er number of mos- quitoes in the cage (as low as 30 mosquitoes), as lower density provides more accuracy which better reflect the typical biting environ- ment encountered during most indoor and outdoor activities and also to give a comfortable condition to volunteer. Volunteers should be preferable not to be tobacco users and should avoid using fragrance or repel- lent productsfor 12 h ad during testing. This factor may alter the person attractiveness to the mosquitoes and will affect to the outcome repellency assay. In prepara- tion of the volunteer, their hand must be washed with unscented soap and rinsed with water and placed separat- ed from each other by =/>20 m away. The arm covered with gloves or treat- ed materials of the volunteers will be inserted into the cages. The left arm served as control while the right arm use as treated samples. Both forearms with untreated and treated materials will be exposed to the population of mos- quitoes simultaneously for a period of 3 min. At least two mosquitoes landed or bite within the 3 min, the test will continue. If there is no mosquito land- ed within 3 min, the hand will withdraw from the cage. The number of mosqui- to landing will be counted independent- ly using the digital camera for an ac- curate result. The exposition is done every 30 min up to 8 h or until the re- pellency fails. Each test samples done in triplicates at 28 ± 2°C and 80 ± 5% RH with 5 min waiting period between replicates. The time between applica- tions of the treated materials recorded as the protection time. The percentage of repellency or protection time was calculated using the formula. % Mosquito protection = NCM-OCTOBER 2021 41(U - T)/U × 100 where U corresponds to the number of mosquitoes on untreated samples or control samples and T represents the number of mosquitoes on treated sam- ples. This is the regularly utilized for- mulas as stated by Lupi et al. (2013) although the percentage of repellency was sometimes calculated with other formulas, but it will not be discussed further in this review. The results will be collected and performed in ANOVA software for fur- ther analysis. Six studies (Chang et al. 2006; Fei and Xin 2007; Fradin and Day 2002; Masetti and Maini 2006; Vigneshkumar and Vijay- kumar Vediappan 2012; Yang and Ma 2005) demonstrated the use of cage tests in their study for mosquito repel- lent. Cone test The cone test is formerly the custom to (Fig. 2) evaluate the toxicity of in- secticide-treated bed nets against malaria, which also able investigate the toxicity of other impregnated (textile) surfaces. The fabric treated, evaluat- ed using the WHO cone test following the standard procedure described in the WHO 1998: test procedures for in- secticide resistance monitoring in ma- laria vectors, bioeficacy and persis- tance of insecticdes on treated surfac-