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                                Imparting Mosquito Repellent Agents & Assessing Mosquito Repellency on Textile
many textiles products that are
claimed to be able to repel mosquito
away from human. This paper also in-
cludes a review on some of the prod-
ucts available for that purpose.
Textile materials used in
mosquito repellency studies
Both natural and synthetic fabrics have
been experimented in previous stud-
ies. Vignesh- kumar and Specos et al.
reported the use of scoured and
bleached cotton knitted fab- ric in a
study determining the “Repellence ef-
fect of microencapsulated citrinellea oil
on tretated textile fabrics against A.
aegypti mosquitoes” and “Microencap-
sulated citronella oil for mosquito re-
pellent finishing of cotton textiles”
(Specos et al. 2010; Vigneshkumar and
Vijaykumar Vediappan 2012). Other
study by Maheshwari et al. (Mahesh-
wari and Ramya 2014) utilized the same
textile materials of cotton fabric which
made from rib knitted and experienc-
ing the scouring, bleaching and dye-
ing process in a study to deter- mine
eco friendly mosquito repellent fabric
finished with natural plant. This require-
ment can give the significance means
of the fabric selection when conduct-
ing the repellency test. The greigh fab-
ric can be controlled relying upon their
suitability of studies as the finishing
proses could be possible to imitate the
daily utilization of article of clothing
wear (Vigneshkumar and Vijaykumar
Vediappan 2012). Two studies report-
ed the use of synthetic fabric which is
100 % polyester fabric which made in
the form of mosquito nets and other
one is curtains. For the application of
synthetic repellent such as DEET,
Brown reported that DEET had been
reported safe for cotton, wool and ny-
lon fabrics types, but may damage the
spandex, rayon and acetate due to the
chemical content. In flammabil- ity test,
DEET applied on polyester acrylic cloth
ignited immediately when near a flame
(Brown and Hebert 1997).ployed the various types of textile
materials which are cotton, polyester
and linen forming a blended woven
curtain fabric (Farag et al. 2011). A re-
cent study by Mweresa et al. conduct-
ed in Kenya utilized various fabric se-
lection which are polyester, cotton,
cellulose with polyacrylate and nylon
textiles as substrate for dispens- ing a
synthetic odour blend to lure malaria
mosquitoes (Mweresa et al. 2014). Athe
Sumithra et al. uses the blended fab-
rics, cotton, polyester, spun lycra and
poly lycra which the end use in the form
of denim product (Sumithra and Vasu-
gi Raja 2012).
In view of the past reported studies,
the most utilized material fabric is cot-
ton. In some of the studies, the greigh
fabric have been processed through the
textile finishing pro- cesses for mak-
ing a finished fabrics. Textile finishing
usually involved treatments such as
scouring, desizing, bleaching, mercer-
izing and dyeing process. Textile fin-
ishing usually involved treatments such
as scouring, desizing, bleaching, mer-
cerizing and dyeing process (Hall
1966). None reported the cotton fabric
experiencing the finishing process
mercerizing process. It is remarkable
that the wet preparing of cotton fab-
rics prompts its shrinkage, expanding
the yarn number, mass every unit ter-ritory, and fabric thickness (Tarbuk et al.
2014). Mercerised cotton fibre will be
round and hollow rather than strip like
shapes, and the cross-segments of the
filaments change from kidney like to
rounda- bout molded. The primary ex-
planation behind this is the cotton fi-
bre swelling amid the mercerisation
process. Amid mercerization, Sodium
Hyroxide (NaoH) infiltrated into the lu-
men of the cotton strands and swelled.
Mercerizing process is the act of
chemi- cal treatment on cellulosic fi-
bre to improve the properties of the fi-
bre in term of tensile strength, absorp-
tion properties and also greater afinity
of dyes and various chemical fin- ish-
es. Mercerized cotton holds the prop-
erties of higher mass per unit area,
thickness, breaking force and elonga-
tion, luster, with a change of surface
charge that ensures further quality
improvement and also higher adsorp-
tion of anionic auxiliaries.
Mosquito repellent
textile products
Textiles can act as a physical barrier
to the entry of insects, mosquitoes and
other anthropoids. At the moments,
textile products developed as protec-
tive textile against mosquito are ex-
tensively used by consumers. The out-
lines of existing things are recorded in
the Table 2 beneath.
Table 2 Classification of mosquito repellent
textile products (Rozendaal 1997)
ClothingUpholsteries/outdoor
Treated jacketDetachable patches of fabric
Netting jacketsHammock
Bands and ankletsCurtain
HeadnetsBed sheets
VestBedcurtain
Tshirt and trousersMosquito nets (netting models)
- Rectangular net
- Circular net
- Wedge-shaped net
Farag et al. in a study to determine the
longer-lasting repellence cellulosic
based cur- tain fabrics reported em-- Self supporting (baby net)
- Hammock net
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